• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method and apparatus for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing alkali metal ions, for example, the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine and caustic. In one embodiment, a composite membrane comprising at least an ionconductive polymer and a metal permeable to alkali metal is used in an electrolytic cell. An illustration of such a polymer is a perfluorocarbon polymer containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups, in intimate contact with a layer of mercury. Another aspect is the use of elevated pressures or other techniques substantially to eliminate the presence of normally gaseous products from the electrolyte. For example, high pressures may be employed to dissolve chlorine in a brine electrolyte and/or liquefy it. In another aspect, sodium sulfate is electrolyzed in a cell comprising a composite membrane, a foraminous anode, and a diaphragm between the composite membrane and anode; the oxygen produced is withdrawn through the anode.
    公开号:SU797594A3
    申请号:SU731969452
    申请日:1973-10-17
    公开日:1981-01-15
    发明作者:Спитзер Роберт
    申请人:Е.И.Дюпон Де Немур Энд Компани (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) METHOD OF ELECTROLYSIS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM COMPOUNDS, POTASSIUM OR THEIR MIXTURE
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    The invention relates to applied electrochemistry, specifically to the process of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium compounds, or mixtures thereof using a cation-exchange membrane and a non-flowing metal cathode permeable to sodium and potassium. The known method of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides with a non-flowing amygamy cathode, carried out in a porous electrolyzer. horizontal partition, on which a layer of mercury drank. The lower part of the electrolysis is filled with salt solution. Anode is placed in this solution. The alkali metal released by electrolysis at the cathode dissolves in mercury, like an amalgam. The upper part of the electrolyzer is filled with a solution into which the electrode is immersed, which is the cathode with respect to the amalgam electrode, and thereby ensures the transfer of the alkali metal from the amalgam to the solution 1. Also known is the method of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of compounds of sodium, potassium or their mixtures with a non-flowing mercury cathode permeable to sodium and potassium, placed on a porous diaphragm made of woven plastic or asbestos fabric. The salt solution is passed under the cathode on the surface of the anode. The disadvantage of this method is the shielding of the pores of the diaphragm of a bubble of chlorine gas and hydrogen with us, which leads to an increase in the formation of a cell. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the voltage during electrolysis. This goal is achieved by the method of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium compounds or their mixtures with a stagnant metal cathode permeable to sodium and potassium placed on an electrically conductive feather, a town, which uses an ion-exchange membrane. To obtain dissolved or liquid chlorine during the electrolysis of chlorides, the process is carried out under a pressure of 7-70 kgf / cm and a temperature of 15.6-132. Mercury is used predominantly as a metal cathode, and thin films of silver, lead or their alloys with mercury are used. A tetrafluoroethylene and vinyl ether copolymer of the general formula FSO, 2, CFi2 CF50CF (CF7,) CFQ OCF-CF, j is used as the ion-exchange membrane. The equivalent weight of the preferred copolymers is 950-1350, where the equivalent weight is the average molecular weight per sulfanyl group, the thickness of the membrane is 0.0254-0.254 mm. The membrane may have a developed surface with grooves or cavities on the mercury side, which increases the surface between the membrane and mercury and reduces the amount of mercury and the electrical resistance between the membrane and mercury. The membrane can be cation-exchange, for example, during the electrolysis of chlorides, and anion-exchange, for example, during the electrolysis of sulfates. In the case of the preparation of liquid chlorine directly in the cell during the electrolysis of chlorides, it is removed together with the anolyte, cooled, donated, then fed to a separator, where the liquid chlorine and anolyte are separated. A part of the anolyte is returned to whose CU | and another part is sent for dechlorination and cleaning. Chlorine from the separator is drained. Upon receipt of dissolved chlorine in the anolyte, it is fed into the tank, until the anolyte is saturated, where pressure is reduced, resulting in the introduction of dissolved chlorine, which is condensed at the expense of cooling and then dried. PRI me R 1. Electrolysis wire in a cell with a platinized titanium anode with a saturated solution of sodium chloride. The membrane is made of a tetrafluoroethylene and vinyl ether copolymer with the general formula FSOrji CF, jCF, OCF (C (CFn), obtained using a conventional thermoplastic process followed by conversion of an additional sulfanyl fluoride group of the final copolymer having an equivalent weight in the range of 950-1350 acid. On the membrane is placed a layer of mercury sufficient to completely cover the membrane. Mercury is in contact with graphite elements and water. The membrane has an area of about 1 dm, thickness 50 μm. Brine is passed between the anode and membrane with chlorine and Water is passed over mercury with a solution of alkali and hydrogen from the cell. When the cell is operating at atmospheric pressure and the brine flow rate is 15.9 l / min, the cell voltage is 4.9 V at 50 A and 6.6 V at 80 A. With an increase in brine flow rate to 24.2 l / min, the voltage decreases to 6.0 V at 80 A. Temperature-brine 90.6-96.1C Example 2. In the cell described in example 1, a membrane was used that was first immersed to a hydrochloric acid and then to an aqueous solution, a saturated solution of mercury chloride at 00 ° С for 24 hours. Then the mercury in the membrane is reduced to metallic oh mercury with hydroxylamine and cheya works with a brine consumption of 4.2 l / min. The voltage on the cell is 5.6V and 80 A and 4.6V Pz 50 A. Example 3. In the cell described in example 1, a membrane is used before impregnation with mercury (according to example 2), is first impregnated with glycol. The voltage across the cell is 0.2-0.3 V lower at 80 A than with no glycol treatment of the membrane. PRI me R 4. A cell with a polymer membrane with a thickness of 87.5 μm operates at 23.9 ° C and a pressure of 31.6 kGS / cm with a flow rate of brine 50. The anode has grooves to allow liquid chlorine to drain. Nickel electric conductors with a diameter of 1.59 mm, wrapped with graphite cloth, are immersed in mercury. At a voltage of 3.64 V and a current of 10 A, chlorine dissolves in brine. As the load increases to 50 amps, the voltage first increases and then drops when liquid chlorine is present, after which the voltage is set at 5.1 V. The appearance of liquid chlorine as a separate phase is seen through the sight glass. At higher temperatures and using a thinner membrane, it is possible to operate at a lower voltage on the cell. Claim 1. Investigation of the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium compounds or their mixture with a stale metal cathode permeable to sodium and potassium is placed on an electrically conductive partition separating the cathode and the anode, in order to reduce the voltage during electrolysis, an ion-exchange membrane is used as a partition.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1 is different from the fact that, in order to obtain dissolved or liquid chlorine during the electrolysis of chlorides, the process is carried out under a pressure of 7-70 kgf / cm and a temperature of 15, 6-132,.
    [3]
    3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that mercury is used as the metal cathode.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a tetrafluoroethylene and vinyl copolymer is used as the ion-exchange membrane.
    5.7975946
    ester of the general formula CFn OCF. 1. USSR Author's Certificate (CF) CF ,, CF, j, 51562, cl. From 01 to .1 / 02, 1937.
    Sources of information, 2. US patent No. 2749301,
    taken into account in the examination of cl. 204-98, 1952 (prototype.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU797594A3|1981-01-15|Method of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium compounds or their mixture
    US4062753A|1977-12-13|Electrolysis method and apparatus
    US4272338A|1981-06-09|Process for the treatment of anolyte brine
    CA1056768A|1979-06-19|Coating metal anodes to decrease consumption rates
    GB1049756A|1966-11-30|Electrochemical process for the production of olefin oxide
    GB1498306A|1978-01-18|Electrolytic process for fluorine production
    US4108742A|1978-08-22|Electrolysis
    US4917781A|1990-04-17|Process for preparing quaternary ammonium hydroxides
    CA1073847A|1980-03-18|Method of operating a three compartment electrolytic cell for the production of alkali metal hydroxides
    RU2059023C1|1996-04-27|Quaternary ammonium hydroxides solutions purification method
    US4053376A|1977-10-11|Electrolytic production of hydrogen iodide
    SE7812640L|1979-08-02|HALOGEN PREPARATION BY ELECTROLYSIS OF ALKALI METAL HALOGENIDES
    US4311567A|1982-01-19|Treatment of permionic membrane
    KR100393440B1|2004-03-30|Cation exchange membrane for electrolysis and process for producing potassium hydroxide of high purity
    EP0199957A1|1986-11-05|Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine in catholyteless membrane cells employing an oxygen consuming cathode
    KR930001974B1|1993-03-20|Electrolytic production of alkali metal chlorates and perchlorates
    US4062743A|1977-12-13|Electrolytic process for potassium hydroxide
    CA1117895A|1982-02-09|Method of reducing chlorate formationin a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell
    EP0021624B1|1983-05-11|Process for the production of potassium hydroxide in an electrolytic membrane cell and potassium hydroxide obtained thereby
    US4061550A|1977-12-06|Process for electrolysis
    IL41038A|1976-08-31|Method and apparatus for electrolysis
    US4285795A|1981-08-25|Electrolysis apparatus
    JPS5591989A|1980-07-11|Electrolysis method
    US4360412A|1982-11-23|Treatment of permionic membrane
    US3109785A|1963-11-05|Method of preparing phosphine
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ZA737955B|1975-11-26|
    BR7308030D0|1974-07-18|
    SU971110A3|1982-10-30|
    PL91059B1|1977-02-28|
    NL7314449A|1974-04-23|
    DE2348889C3|1982-05-06|
    DE2348889A1|1974-08-01|
    IE38350B1|1978-02-15|
    FR2203679B1|1978-03-10|
    NO138256C|1978-08-02|
    LU68632A1|1973-12-27|
    IE38350L|1974-04-19|
    CH606492A5|1978-10-31|
    NO138256B|1978-04-24|
    DK154027B|1988-10-03|
    JPS582275B2|1983-01-14|
    ES419772A1|1976-09-01|
    DE2348889B2|1981-07-16|
    CH619741A5|1980-10-15|
    IL43321D0|1973-11-28|
    CS193024B2|1979-09-17|
    IL43321A|1976-09-30|
    FR2203679A1|1974-05-17|
    GB1427829A|1976-03-10|
    DD109850A5|1974-11-20|
    AU6147673A|1975-04-17|
    AR206774A1|1976-08-23|
    US3864226A|1975-02-04|
    CA1043735A|1978-12-05|
    IT1003184B|1976-06-10|
    BE806231A|1974-04-18|
    DK154027C|1989-02-13|
    JPS4974200A|1974-07-17|
    IN141177B|1977-01-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1109311A|1912-01-06|1914-09-01|Edward A Allen|Method and means for electrolyzing saline solutions.|
    US2681320A|1950-12-23|1954-06-15|Rohm & Haas|Permselective films of cationexchange resins|
    US2742419A|1952-03-01|1956-04-17|Diamond Alkali Co|Electrolytic cell base structure|
    GB1149416A|1967-03-16|1969-04-23|Ici Ltd|Manufacture of chlorine and caustic alkali in diaphragm cells|
    GB1199952A|1967-05-15|1970-07-22|Wolfen Filmfab Veb|Electrolysis of Alkali Metal Halide Solutions|
    US3645866A|1969-08-26|1972-02-29|Georgy Ivanovich Volkov|Method of electrolysis with a flowing mercury cathode in a chlorine cell|
    US3682797A|1970-10-02|1972-08-08|Great Lakes Carbon Corp|Stationary film mercury cell|
    US3775272A|1972-02-25|1973-11-27|Olin Corp|Mercury diaphragm chlor-alkali cell and process for decomposing alkali metal halides|JPS551351B2|1974-03-07|1980-01-12|
    JPS526374A|1975-07-07|1977-01-18|Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd|Anode structure for electrolysis|
    JPS5643116B2|1976-07-05|1981-10-09|
    ES452238A1|1976-10-08|1977-11-01|Diaz Nogueira Eduardo|Process for electrolysis of brine by mercury cathodes|
    US4086393A|1976-11-24|1978-04-25|Energy Development Associates|Gas phase free liquid chlorine electrochemical systems|
    JPS55161081A|1979-06-01|1980-12-15|Asahi Glass Co Ltd|Electrolytic cell|
    JPS6143436B2|1979-12-27|1986-09-27|Perumeretsuku Denkyoku Kk|
    US4313812A|1980-03-10|1982-02-02|Olin Corporation|Membrane electrode pack cells designed for medium pressure operation|
    US4390408A|1980-06-06|1983-06-28|Olin Corporation|Membrane electrode pack cells designed for medium pressure operation|
    EP0110425A3|1982-12-06|1985-07-31|Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha|An electrolytic process of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution and electrolytic cell used therefor|
    JPS59150852U|1983-03-30|1984-10-09|
    JPS60117959U|1984-01-20|1985-08-09|
    US5041197A|1987-05-05|1991-08-20|Physical Sciences, Inc.|H2 /C12 fuel cells for power and HCl production - chemical cogeneration|
    JPS6450998A|1987-08-21|1989-02-27|Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel|Electrolysis treating method of radioactive waste liquid|
    IT1230714B|1989-02-10|1991-10-29|Solvay|PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING A SULPHIDE OF AN ALKALINE METAL.|
    US5118398A|1989-12-05|1992-06-02|United Technologies Corporation|Method and an apparatus for detecting ionizable substance|
    US20070087245A1|2005-10-14|2007-04-19|Fuller Timothy J|Multilayer polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cells|
    US20120186989A1|2011-01-26|2012-07-26|Yuri Alexeevich Omelchenko|Process for producing chlorine with low bromine content|
    US8636893B2|2011-01-26|2014-01-28|Superior Plus Lp|Process for producing chlorine with low bromine content|
    WO2015027190A1|2013-08-23|2015-02-26|Mirakel Technologies, Inc.|Systems, devices and methods for styling hair|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US298922A|US3864226A|1972-10-19|1972-10-19|Process for electrolyzing aqueous sodium or potassium ion solutions|
    [返回顶部]